Earlier quoted context omitted.
It is technically not incorrect, but incomplete. We know there is conservation of mass and energy in nature. Any chemical engineer can write mass and energy balance equations that represent this conservation. Calories in = Calories out is an simplified form of a more complex energy balance equation that looks something like this: (Enthalpy in) - (Enthalpy out) + (Heat/Energy crossing boundary) - (Work) = (Change in I…
According to this paper, this is not true. The weight is exhaled as CO2. http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g7257 >> Most people believed that fat is converted to energy or heat, which violates the law of conservation of mass. We suspect this misconception is caused by the “energy in/energy out” mantra and the focus on energy production in university biochemistry courses.
The energy balance equation is a fundamental thermodynamic equation. It is inherently coupled with mass balance equations. If we didn't get this right, we wouldn't have been able to design chemical reactors all these years.
Unfortunately because enthalpy is a more abstract concept, it isn't very appealing to folks who like simplifications like calories in = calories out. It is, however, the correct concept.