Emoji.
Search.
Pictures.
Screensharing.
Voice calling.
Video calling.
Web clients which can join video/audio calls.
Smartphone apps.
Push-Notifications.
Colours.
Embedded inline Office365 documents, in the case of Teams.
Meeting invites built-in to Outlook, in the case of Teams.
Click thing in Teams, opens in Edge browser with the Edge sidebar open to the Teams chat place where you clicked, for context.
Email notifications of things said in Teams chats.
Integration with company directory for looking up who people are.
IRC is for people whose reaction to those is to complain or sneer about how they don't want them.