Earlier quoted context omitted.
After a cursory googling, it looks like AWS is still the only one where you can programatically modify the number of nodes in your cluster. If your goal is to launch a public facing site and automatically scale up to some limit as you get users, then AWS is a good choice. With AWS you are buying automated scalability and amazon's reliability (not that rackspace doesn't know what they're doing)
You can do it with Slicehost's API. http://articles.slicehost.com/assets/2008/10/3/Slicehost_API...
http://www.slicehost.com/articles/2008/3/26/announcing-the-s...
". Please note that the current iteration allows access to DNS only."
I guess they had another iteration since then, thanks for the info!