Someone managed to GPU-accelerate program synthesis, a form of symbolic ML. First time for ML that is not deep learning: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3591274 Deep learning took off precisely when the ImageNet paper dropped around 2010. Before nobody believed that backprop can be GPU-accelerated.
> First time for ML that is not deep learning What do you mean by this? Virtually all "classic" or "shallow" ML can be GPU-accelerated, from linear regression to SVM to GBM.
Modern GPUs are GP-GPUs: where GP means "general purpose": you can run any code on GPGPUs. But if you want to gain real speed-ups you will have to program in an awkward style ("data parallel"). I am not aware of GPU acceleration of the work-horses of symbolic AI, such as Prolog, or SMT solving. There has been a lot of work on running SAT-solvers on GPUs, but I don't think this has really succeeded so far.