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Ask HN: How did the internet discover my subdomain?

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Re: Ask HN: How did the internet discover my subdomain?

#231
post #175

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> This is one of those false voyeur OS internet tennets designed to get people to publish their stuff. No it isn’t, it’s a push to get people to login protect whatever they want to keep to themselves. It’s silly to say informing people that security through obscurity is a weak concept is trying to convince them to publish their stuff.

If security through obscurity didn't provide any benefit then governments wouldn't have built entire frameworks for protecting classified information.

So the only thing protecting classified docs is the public not knowing where they are? That's what security through obscurity is.

Re: Ask HN: How did the internet discover my subdomain?

#232
post #186

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> "Security by obscurity does not work" Depends on the context and exposure. Sometimes a key under a rock is perfectly fine. I used to work for a security company that REALLY oversold security risks to sell products. The idea that someone was going to wardrive through your suburban neighborhood with a networked cluster of GPUs to crack your AES keys and run a MITM attack for web traffic is honestly pretty far fetched…

Realistically we get into $3 wrench territory pretty quickly too.

With inflation looks like its now a $5 wrench :-)

https://xkcd.com/538/

Re: Ask HN: How did the internet discover my subdomain?

#233

Hi, our company does this basically "as-a-service". The options how to find it are basically limitless. Best source is probably Certificate Transparency project as others suggested. But it does not end there, some other things that we do are things like internet crawl, domain bruteforcing on wildcard dns, dangling vhosts identification, default certs on servers (connect to IP on 443 and get default cert) and many oth…

"Security by obscurity does not work" This is one of those false voyeur OS internet tennets designed to get people to publish their stuff. Obscurity is a fine strategy, if you don't post your source that's good. If you post your source, that's a risk. The fact that you can't rely on that security measure is just a basic security tennet that applies to everything: don't rely on a single security measure, use redundant…

No, it's a very sensible slogan to keep people from doing a common, bad thing.

Obscurity helps cut down on noise and low effort attacks and scans. It only helps as a security mechanism in that the remaining access/error logs are both fewer and more interesting.

Re: Ask HN: How did the internet discover my subdomain?

#234
post #155

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Subdomains can be passwords and a well crafted subdomain should not leak, I disagree. A subdomain is not secret in any way. There are many ways in which it is transmitted unencrypted. A couple: - DNS resolution, multiple resolvers and authoritative servers - TLS SNI - HTTP Host Header There are many middle boxes that could perform safety checks on behalf of the client, and drop it into a list to be rescanned. - Vir…

I once worked for a company which was using a subdomain of an internal development domain to do some completely internal security research on our own products. The entire domain got flagged in Safe Browsing despite never being exposed to the outside world. We think Chrome's telemetry flagged it, and since it was technically routable as a public IP (all public traffic on that IP was blackholed), Chrome thought it was…

I saw a similar thing happen with a QA team's domains. Google flagged them as malicious and the company never managed to get them unflagged.

Re: Ask HN: How did the internet discover my subdomain?

#235

Hi, our company does this basically "as-a-service". The options how to find it are basically limitless. Best source is probably Certificate Transparency project as others suggested. But it does not end there, some other things that we do are things like internet crawl, domain bruteforcing on wildcard dns, dangling vhosts identification, default certs on servers (connect to IP on 443 and get default cert) and many oth…

"Security by obscurity does not work" This is one of those false voyeur OS internet tennets designed to get people to publish their stuff. Obscurity is a fine strategy, if you don't post your source that's good. If you post your source, that's a risk. The fact that you can't rely on that security measure is just a basic security tennet that applies to everything: don't rely on a single security measure, use redundant…

Obscurity as a single control does not work. That's what the phrase hints at. In combination with other controls, it could be part of an effective defense. Context matters though.

Re: Ask HN: How did the internet discover my subdomain?

#236

Hi, our company does this basically "as-a-service". The options how to find it are basically limitless. Best source is probably Certificate Transparency project as others suggested. But it does not end there, some other things that we do are things like internet crawl, domain bruteforcing on wildcard dns, dangling vhosts identification, default certs on servers (connect to IP on 443 and get default cert) and many oth…

[flagged]

Actually it's just too short. To be complete, it would have to be like "security through obsurity _OF THE MECHANISM_."

Which basically means it was always a shit saying, like most fancy quips were.

Re: Ask HN: How did the internet discover my subdomain?

#237
post #87

Thanks for everyone's perspectives. Very educational and admittedly lots outside the boundaries of my current knowledge. I have thus far relied on CloudFlare's automatic https and simple instant subdomain setup for their worker microservice I'm using. There are evidently technical/footprint implications of that convenience. Fortunately, I'm not really concerned with the subdomain being publicly known; was more curiou…

I had to scroll pretty far down to see the first comment refering to the second most likely leak (after certificate transparency lists): Some ISP sold their DNS query log, and your's was in it.

People buying such records do so for various reasons, for example to seed some crawler they've built.

Re: Ask HN: How did the internet discover my subdomain?

#238
post #5

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Yes, https via cloudflare's automatic https. Thanks for the info.

Yeah this is a surprisingly little known fact- all certs being logged means all subdomain names get logged. Wildcard certs can hide the subdomains, but then your cert works on all subdomains. This could be an issue if the certs get compromised. Usually there isn’t sensitive information in subdomain names, but i suspect it often accidentally leaks information about infrastructure setups. "vaultwarden.example.com" exis…

I had coworkers at a previous employer go change settings in CloudFlare trying to troubleshoot instead of reaching out to me. They changed the option that caused CF proxy to issue a cert for every subdomain instead of using the wildcard. They didn't understand why I was pissed that they had now written every subdomain we had in use to the public record in addition to doing it without an approved change request.

Re: Ask HN: How did the internet discover my subdomain?

#239
post #91
post #62

Not sure why everyone is going on about certificate transparency logs when the answer is right there in the user agent. The company is scanning the ipv4 space and came upon your IP and port.

Finding IP does not mean finding the domain. When doing HTTP request to IP you specify the domain you want to connect to. For example you can configure your /etc/hosts to have xxxnakedhamsters.google.com pointing to 8.8.8.8 and make the http request, which will cause Google getting the domain request (i.e. header Host: xxxnakedhamsters.google.com) and it will refuse it or try to redirect to http. Of course it's only…

> When doing HTTP request to IP you specify the domain you want to connect to

No, you make HTTP requests to an IP, not a domain. You convert the domain name to an IP in an earlier step (via a DNS query). You can connect to servers using their raw IPs and open ports all day if you like, which is what's happening here. Yes servers will (likely) reject the requests by looking at the host header, but they will still receive the request.

Re: Ask HN: How did the internet discover my subdomain?

#240
post #234

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I once worked for a company which was using a subdomain of an internal development domain to do some completely internal security research on our own products. The entire domain got flagged in Safe Browsing despite never being exposed to the outside world. We think Chrome's telemetry flagged it, and since it was technically routable as a public IP (all public traffic on that IP was blackholed), Chrome thought it was…

I saw a similar thing happen with a QA team's domains. Google flagged them as malicious and the company never managed to get them unflagged.

Our lawyers knew their lawyers so there was a friendly chat and we got added to an internal whitelist within Google.
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