Freshman university textbooks have what you need. Two of the most popular are: - University Physics by Young and Freedman - Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday, Resnick, Walker - Modern Physics by Krane You might guess that real physics is not actually in freshman textbooks, and you are right. Modern physics requires rigorous mathematics. For a nonrigorous introduction/overview: - The Road to Reality by Roger Penrose…
I strongly recommend this textbook. I used in college, and it's really good. There are a lot of problems for each chapter, I suggest doing them as they help a lot.