This is a virtue and a fault. After some successes and some failures, you are likely to learn to be more wise when choosing which problem to deep dive into. The wrong deep dive will damage you.
It also takes time to learn that cowboy duct-tape solutions are sometimes correct: this is best learnt by being in a team with someone who is productive in that manner (the downsides of it are obvious to engineer types; learning the positives of hacks is harder for engineers; judging when to apply fast solutions needs a good engineer). If you can only do anal retentive engineering, then your skills are still super valuable, but perhaps try to veer towards projects where beauty and correctness are valued.
For many engineers, I think it is worthwhile to learn the dark side: how to deliver a quick and dirty compromise that meets a need e.g. most web development. I personally find this difficult: google “yak shaving”. Some engineers never learn how to make good compromises, and they sometimes end up stuck in a dead end.
“but yeah... Just get the impression I'm not smart enough for this.“
Keep your humility, use it to connect with clients and users. They feel it 10x.
Finally I’ll add that the best developers I’ve ever worked with have been technically mediocre. Their other skills have made them great - abilities to concentrate on the right things and not worry about being technical goddesses or gods. I have worked with technically great people, that just do a shit job because they can’t get on with others or they produce something that only they can understand.