Earlier quoted context omitted.
Speaking mostly for the US here. The STOP keyword is mandated as unsubscribe at the carrier level (Verizon, ATT, TMo) not just the vendor level. So if you reply STOP, it's very likely that you will not receive another message from that number. This will be true for any programmatic SMS vendor. There could be smaller scale & more manual approaches, but that would be rare. There has been a big effort in the last year+…
Aside from Pig Butchering (see other comments) this also verifies a number is real or in-use when somebody replies.
1) SMS supports receipt functionality, which means the sender can be notified when a message is delivered to a handset. This happens at the carrier level, so you can't turn it off.
2) SMS supports 'silent' messages which are a different message class that is not shown to users.