"The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation" by Jon Gertner.
Its a very good book. Today, one might question a company investing so much money into pure research but Bell Labs produced 8 Nobel Laureates, tens of thousands of patents, who knows how many papers, PhDs, not to mention inventions that directly benefited Bell's primary business in telephones. Some of those papers, Claude Shannon's, for instance, on information theory, are responsible for the creation of entire industries.