Robin Hanson has some extensive descriptions[1] of what I mean, with the crucial insight that "X is not about Y"[2], and that rationalization may be the original, evolutionary purpose of rational thinking rather than its perversion[3]. He even offers remedies[4] if you consider it a problem.
[1] http://www.overcomingbias.com/tag/signaling
[2] http://www.overcomingbias.com/2008/09/politics-isnt-a.html
[3] http://www.overcomingbias.com/2014/04/reason-stories-both-tu...