A buddy of mine is a programmer at AT&T, and they (mostly he) have developed a pretty incredible push notification and messaging system using Java on the back-end. He claims that they're getting some pretty astounding message processing rates. I keep having trouble thinking of Java as "fast", but that might just be due to really crappy desktop app experiences. But anyway: one of the biggest companies in the U.S. uses…
When it first came out it was an absolute dog. Then Sun kept promising "faster than C" performance because of VM optimisation. The reality was that desktop apps were barely usable and the HotJava web browser was scrapped.
However, after over 15 years of VM optimisation and heavy use, Java is nice and fast. Its not quite up to C++ levels of performance but it is very respectable.