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There are plenty of crude oil and refined product pipelines in California. For example crude oil is produced mid state in the San Joaquin valley and pumped by pipeline to the Bay A…

If you are referring to American light crude oil grades such as WTI (West Texas Intermediate) that is not correct. That oil could be refined in California. It would have to come by…

Yes. Between 2020 and present The refining capacity in California declined by 35% from 1.9 MM BPD to 1.2 MM BPD with the closure of 4 refineries: Marathon Martinez (2020) converted…

Yes.

Renewable natural gas / bio gas is alive and growing in the US. The economics are supported by California Low Carbon Fuel Standard credits. Sources include captured landfill gas an…

“especially given that a net new refinery hasn't been built in the US in 50 years.” Existing large refineries have done some massive expansion projects in the last couple of decade…

Yes, Hydroprocessing units at refineries can either co-process vegetable oil with hydrocarbons or run 100% on vegetable oil after some modifications. Vegetable oils are tri-glyceri…

A few corrections. Credentials: I am a Chemical Engineer in a Senior Tecnical Leadership position at a refinery with over thirty years of experience. 1) API gravity is the density …

An alternate (and growing) use of Tallow is as a feedstock for renewable diesel / sustainable aviation fuel production. Tallow is a traded commodity. It is unlikely to get dumped.

That is not correct. Globally 75% of hydrogen is produced from Natural Gas: https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-hydrogen See section on production. The most commonly used pro…

Here is a commercial example of underground hydrogen storage that has been in service since 2007. It is a salt cavern in Texas. It is part of extensive hydrogen infrastructure conn…